Frustrated astronaut.

oblivioncontinuum:

Glowsticks: how do they work?
The emission of light is the only physics principle involved here, but the chemistry isn’t that hard to understand the basis of. Glowsticks work by mixing two compounds, typically hydrogen peroxide and a phenyl oxalate ester. The hydrogen peroxide is kept in a separate glass tube, which is broken when the glowstick is bent. The ester is then oxidized by the hydrogen peroxide, which creates a chemical called phenol and an unstable peroxyacid ester. That peroxyacid ester decomposes and additional phenol is released amongst a cyclic peroxy compound, which decomposes into carbon dioxide. This decompostion releases a substantial amount of energy, which is not observed without the presence of a fluorescent dye. Moving on.
The dye is the component capable of chemiluminescence, which is why light is not emitted without it. When the energy from the decomposing cyclic peroxy compound is transferred to the dye, the electrons are temporarily excited into a higher energy level and when they eventually fall back to the ground state, the loss of energy of the electron is released as a photon. The colour, or frequency of this photon depends on how much energy it is released with. The higher the energy, the further toward the violet end of the spectrum the light emitted will be. Different dyes rely on different amounts of energy to excite electrons, which is why other frequencies are emitted.
The speed and intensity of the reaction is dependent on the chemicals used, but also the temperature. Putting a glowstick in the freezer slows the atoms’ collisions down, therefore releasing less energy over the same amount of time which causes less photons to be emitted. However, the reaction lasts a lot longer. The opposite is true for higher temperatures, where the light is brighter, but the glowstick won’t last as long. In conclusion, glowsticks are really cool.

Glowsticks: how do they work?

The emission of light is the only physics principle involved here, but the chemistry isn’t that hard to understand the basis of. Glowsticks work by mixing two compounds, typically hydrogen peroxide and a phenyl oxalate ester. The hydrogen peroxide is kept in a separate glass tube, which is broken when the glowstick is bent. The ester is then oxidized by the hydrogen peroxide, which creates a chemical called phenol and an unstable peroxyacid ester. That peroxyacid ester decomposes and additional phenol is released amongst a cyclic peroxy compound, which decomposes into carbon dioxide. This decompostion releases a substantial amount of energy, which is not observed without the presence of a fluorescent dye. Moving on.

The dye is the component capable of chemiluminescence, which is why light is not emitted without it. When the energy from the decomposing cyclic peroxy compound is transferred to the dye, the electrons are temporarily excited into a higher energy level and when they eventually fall back to the ground state, the loss of energy of the electron is released as a photon. The colour, or frequency of this photon depends on how much energy it is released with. The higher the energy, the further toward the violet end of the spectrum the light emitted will be. Different dyes rely on different amounts of energy to excite electrons, which is why other frequencies are emitted.

The speed and intensity of the reaction is dependent on the chemicals used, but also the temperature. Putting a glowstick in the freezer slows the atoms’ collisions down, therefore releasing less energy over the same amount of time which causes less photons to be emitted. However, the reaction lasts a lot longer. The opposite is true for higher temperatures, where the light is brighter, but the glowstick won’t last as long. In conclusion, glowsticks are really cool.

+

∞04:44 am, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩129

leilockheart:

submitted by addictedtonine

∞07:31 am, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩14729

ruineshumaines:

(by Bjørn Jørgensen)

+

∞06:11 am, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩326

Those were the days.

∞10:26 pm, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩2151

heyfunniest:

FEATURED AT HEYFUNNIEST. FOLLOW NOW!

(Source: daily-disney)

∞07:13 am, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩106901

(Source: youjustyou)

∞09:57 am, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩3340

ruineshumaines:

the golden night (by songallery)

∞10:08 pm, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩277

(Source: come-feed-the-rain)

∞11:57 pm, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩100761

[new year resolution]

heyfunniest:

four cereals you will never taste

FEATURED AT HEYFUNNIEST. FOLLOW NOW!

(Source: nicecleanfight)

∞10:43 am, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩50982

Igloo room! Awesome view at night I bet.

(Source: idefineme)

∞10:39 am, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩33000

[Igloo] [Want]

allcreatures:

This strikingly coloured electric-blue European lobster was caught off the east coast of Scotland and spotted at London Billingsgate fish market in November 2011. It was sent to the Natural History Museum before settling into a new home at the London Aquarium.

∞08:50 am, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩355

[Blue lobster]

anneclarisse:

Sleepy baby polar bear

∞08:39 am, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩114950

shesjustbeingrachie:

making these for christmas eve and christmas!! so excited

∞08:25 am, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩28442

[Christmas!]

(Source: familyguy-gifs)

∞10:35 am, reblogged by cfbshorts ∩41779

[Merry Christmas!]

How to help the victims of the typhoon Sendong

[Repost]

Hi guys. As you have heard, the death toll in Iligan and CDO have reached more than 500 people in the past couple of days. The survivors clearly need all the help that they can get. Here are some ways how to help:

WHAT: Relief goods drop-off
WHERE: My Place Residence Hall Katipunan (near KFC)
WHEN: Ongoing until Monday night, Dec. 19
ORG/CONTACT PERSON: Sendong Relief Operations/Reynald Reyes (09167262483)
HOW: Donate relief goods: blankets, clothing, food, etc.

WHAT: Cash assistance for relief and recovery efforts
WHERE: n/a
WHEN: Ongoing
ORG/CONTACT PERSON: Philippine National Red Cross
HOW: Text RED<space>AMOUNT to 2899 (Globe) or 4143 (Smart) or make a donation at any Cebuana Lhuillier Pawnshop nationwide</space>

WHAT: Relief goods drop-off for Cagayan de Oro Victims
WHERE: Enderun Colleges, McKinley Hill, Taguig City
WHEN: Ongoing
ORG/CONTACT PERSON: The Enderun Community Drive
HOW: Donate off bottled water, ready to eat food (i.e. crackers, biscuits, cookies, packaged buns/cakes), juices, milk, canned goods, medicines at the drop-off point.

WHAT: Relief goods drop-off
WHERE: Mercato Centrale Tent (The Fort) and Suderno (beside makati med)
WHEN: Ongoing until 3AM Dec. 18, or 7am-2pm the following day Dec. 19
ORG/CONTACT PERSON: Mercato Centrale
HOW: Donate relief goods at the drop-off points.

WHAT: Surgical support for calamity victims
WHERE: ECs in calamity affected areas
WHEN: Ongoing
ORG/CONTACT PERSON: Philippine College of Surgeons- Northern Mindanao Chapter/Klarizza Simbulan (09173045037)
HOW: If you know of anyone who has surgical needs due to the calamity, contact Klarizza.

WHAT: Cash donations
WHERE: n/a
WHEN: Ongoing
ORG/CONTACT PERSON: Iligan City Government
HOW: Deposit monetary donations at DBP Iligan City Account Name: City Treasurer’s Office Iligan City, Trust Fund # 0820-016201-030

WHAT: Cash donations for Iligan City victims
WHERE: n/a
WHEN: Ongoing
ORG/CONTACT PERSON: Rei Lena Maranda (09052665014)
HOW: Deposit cash donations at
Account name: Association of IIT Alumni Foundation Inc.
Bank: BDO - Iligan Quezon Avenue Branch
Account No: 003120169026

WHAT: Relief goods drop-off/Relief goods repacking/Monetary donations
WHERE: Sagip Kapamilya, ABS-CBN Foundation, Mo. Ignacia cor. Eugenio Lopez St., Quezon City or ABS-CBN Cagayan de Oro, Barangay Bulua, Cagayan de Oro City or ABS-CBN Davao, Shrine Hills, Matina, Davao City
WHEN: Ongoing
ORG/CONTACT PERSON: Sagip Kapamilya, ABS-CBN Foundation/Faizza Tanggol (09175323249)
HOW: (1) Volunteer; (2) Donating relief goods (clothing, blankets, food, etc.); (3) Donate cash thru the ff:
(a) BDO Peso Account
Account name: ABS-CBN Foundation Inc.-Sagip Kapamilya
Account Number: 39301-14199
Swift Code: BNORPHMM

Thanks guys!

∞10:10 am, by cfbshorts ∩2